Nikkei Asiya ta ruwaito cewa, farashin abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya da kuma bukatar kwararrun masu hakar ma'adinai na karuwa yayin da takaddamar siyasa da ta soji tsakanin Amurka da China ke kara kamari.
Kasar Sin ta mamaye masana'antun duniya da ba kasafai ba, kuma ita ce kasa daya tilo da ke da cikakken tsarin samar da kayayyaki daga hakar ma'adinai, tacewa, sarrafa zuwa kasa da ba kasafai ba.
Ya zuwa shekarar da ta gabata, tana sarrafa kashi 55 cikin 100 na karfin duniya da kashi 85 cikin 100 na tace kasa da ba kasafai ba, a cewar mai binciken kayayyaki Roskill.
Wannan rinjaye na iya haɓakawa a zahiri, yayin da Beijing ta ayyana niyyarta ta “haɗin gwiwar abokantaka” tare da sabon tsarin mulkin Taliban na Afghanistan, wanda ke zaune akan dala tiriliyan 1 na ma'adinan da ba a gama amfani da su ba, a cewar ƙwararrun masana duniya.
A duk lokacin da kasar Sin ta yi barazanar dakatarwa ko rage fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare, firgicin duniya na aika farashin karafa da ba kasafai ake yin sa ba.
Abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya suna da mahimmanci a cikin fasahar zamani-komai daga makamai masu linzami, mayakan jet kamar F-35, zuwa injin turbin iska, kayan aikin likitanci, kayan aikin wutar lantarki, wayoyin hannu, da injina don haɗaka da motocin lantarki.
Wani rahoto da Sabis na Bincike na Majalisa ya ce kowane F-35 yana buƙatar kilogiram 417 na kayan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba don yin abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamar tsarin wuta da maganadisu.
A cewar Nikkei Asia, Max Hsiao, babban manaja a wani kamfanin kera bangaren sauti a Dongguan na kasar Sin, ya yi imanin cewa fitar da sinadarin ya fito ne daga wani na'urar maganadisu da ake kira neodymium praseodymium.
Farashin karfen da kamfanin Hsiao ke amfani da shi wajen hada lasifika na Amazon da kera kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka Lenovo ya ninka tun watan Yunin bara zuwa kusan yuan 760,000 ($ 117,300) kwatankwacin tan a watan Agusta.
"Haɓawar farashin wannan mahimmin kayan maganadisu ya kawo mana koma baya da aƙalla kashi 20 cikin 100… wannan ya yi tasiri sosai," in ji Xiao ga Nikkei Asiya.
Suna da mahimmanci ga kewayon kayan aikin fasaha - komai daga lasifika da injinan motar lantarki zuwa kayan aikin likita da daidaitattun harsasai.
Ƙasar da ba kasafai ba irin su neodymium oxide, maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin injinan lantarki da injin turbin iska, suma sun karu da kashi 21.1% tun farkon shekara, yayin da holmium, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin magnetostrictive alloys don na'urori masu auna sigina da masu kunnawa, ya kusan kusan 50% .
Yayin da karancin wadata ke kunno kai, masana sun ce hauhawar farashin da ba kasafai ake samun sa ba na iya kara tsadar kayan masarufi a fadin hukumar.
A halin yanzu, a daya gefen duniya, babban yankin hamada na Nevada ya fara jin karuwar bukatar abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya.
A Nevada, kusan mutane 15,000 suna aiki a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta jihar.Nevada Mining Association (NVMA) Shugaba Tire Gray ya ce wannan ya kashe masana'antar "kusan 500 ƙananan ayyuka" - wanda ta yi shekaru da yawa.
Kamar yadda Amurka ke neman tabbatar da sarkar samar da kayayyaki na cikin gida don abubuwan da ba kasafai ba da sauran ma'adanai masu mahimmanci kamar lithium, buƙatar ƙarin masu hakar ma'adinai za su haɓaka kawai, a cewar wani rahoto a Makon Kasuwancin Nevada ta Arewa.
An fara samar da batirin lithium a cikin 1970s kuma Sony ya tallata shi a 1991, kuma yanzu ana amfani da su a cikin wayoyin hannu, jiragen sama, da motoci.
Hakanan suna da ƙarancin fitarwa fiye da sauran batura, suna asarar kusan 5% a cikin wata ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da 20% na batir NiCd.
"Zai zama dole a cike guraben ayyukan da muke da su a halin yanzu, kuma za a bukaci cike guraben ayyukan da za a samar sakamakon karuwar bukatar masana'antar hakar ma'adinai," in ji Gray.
Don haka, Grey ya yi nuni ga aikin lithium da aka tsara a Thacker Pass a gundumar Humboldt, kusa da Orowada.
"Za su buƙaci ma'aikatan gine-gine don haɓaka ma'adinan su, amma kuma za su buƙaci ma'aikata na cikakken lokaci 400 don gudanar da ma'adinan," Gray ya gaya wa NNBW.
Batun ma'aikata ba su keɓanta ga Nevada ba. A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Ma'aikata na Amurka (BLS), aikin ma'adinai da aikin injiniyan ƙasa ana hasashen zai yi girma da kashi 4 cikin ɗari kawai daga 2019 zuwa 2029.
Yayin da bukatar ma'adanai masu mahimmanci ke ci gaba da hauhawa, ƙwararrun ma'aikata kaɗan ne ke cike guraben aiki.
Wakilin Nevada Gold Mines ya ce: "Mun yi sa'a don samun ci gaban da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba a cikin kasuwancinmu.Duk da haka, wannan kuma yana ƙara ƙalubale daga mahallin ma'aikata.
"Mun yi imanin cewa dalilin da ya sa wannan ya faru nan da nan shine annoba da kuma sakamakon canjin al'adu a Amurka.
"Bayan barkewar cutar ta yi barna a kowane bangare na rayuwar mutane, kamar kowane kamfani a Amurka, muna ganin wasu daga cikin ma'aikatanmu suna sake nazarin zabin rayuwarsu."
A Nevada, matsakaicin albashi na shekara-shekara na masu aikin hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa da ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai shine $52,400;bisa ga BLS, albashin ma'adinai da injiniyoyin ƙasa sun ninka ko fiye ($ 93,800 zuwa $ 156,000).
Baya ga kalubalen jawo sabbin hazaka a cikin masana'antar, ma'adinan Nevada suna cikin yankuna masu nisa na jihar - ba kofin shayi na kowa ba.
Wasu mutane suna tunanin masu hakar ma'adinai da aka lulluɓe da laka da ƙoƙon da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai haɗari, suna watsa baƙar hayaki daga injunan da suka shuɗe. Hoton Dickens.
"Abin takaici, sau da yawa mutane har yanzu suna ganin masana'antar a matsayin masana'antu a cikin 1860s, ko ma masana'antar 1960," Gray ya gaya wa NNBW.
“Lokacin da gaske muke kan gaba wajen ci gaban fasaha.Muna amfani da fasaha mafi ci gaba kuma da ake da ita domin hako kayan ta hanya mafi aminci."
A sa'i daya kuma, kasar Amurka tana kokarin rage dogaro da kasar Sin, dangane da tabarbarewar dangantakar Amurka da Sin, da yaki da fasahohi masu tasowa:
Jeff Green, shugaban kamfanin lobbying JA Green & Co, ya ce: “Gwamnati na saka hannun jari don gina sabbin dabaru, tare da kokarin gina kowane bangare na sarkar samar da kayayyaki.Tambayar ita ce ko za mu iya yin hakan ta fuskar tattalin arziki."
Wannan saboda Amurka tana da tsauraran ƙa'idoji game da lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli, waɗanda ke sa samarwa ya yi tsada.
Wani abin ban mamaki shi ne, bukatun da kasar Sin ke da shi na samar da abubuwan da ba kasafai ba ke yi a duniya ya yi yawa, ta yadda ta zarce samar da kayayyaki a cikin gida cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, lamarin da ya haifar da karuwar kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke shigowa da su daga waje.
David Zhang, wani manazarci a wata cibiyar ba da shawara ta Sublime China Information, ya ce, "Ba a tabbatar da tsaron kasa na kasar Sin ba.
"Zai iya tafiya lokacin da dangantakar Amurka da China ta tabarbare ko kuma lokacin da Janar din Myanmar ya yanke shawarar rufe iyakar."
Sources: Nikkei Asia, CNBC, Arewacin Nevada Kasuwancin Makon, Fasahar Wuta, BigThink.com, Nevada Mining Association, Marketplace.org, Financial Times
Wannan rukunin yanar gizon, kamar sauran shafuka masu yawa, yana amfani da ƙananan fayiloli da ake kira kukis don taimaka mana haɓakawa da tsara ƙwarewar ku.Ƙari game da yadda muke amfani da kukis a cikin manufofin kuki.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-03-2022